Abstract: Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences (QJES) is a scientific Open Access peer-reviewed journal. It publishes papers online and hard copy in all areas of the engineering field, including experimental, theoretical, and computational analysis. The first edition of the QJES was published in 2008. Currently, it is published four times per year at the end of March, June, September, and December at the College of Engineering, the University of Al-Qadisiyah under the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research sponsorship.Based on the evaluation of the editorial and advisory members, the QJES provides essential reference materials and critical feedback into basic and practical contributions in different fields of engineering sciences. All submissions to the journal will be subject to peer review from leading experts in the field from inside and outside Iraq. Their impressions and comments will determine the final decision of the paper, whether accepted or rejected.

Abstract: This work deals with the investigation of radiation models for combustion spray. The n-pentane fuel C5h12 is used for chemical reactions with the air. The main objective of these simulations is to compare the experimental data and radiation models for spray combustion and to select the best radiation model. The model is used to interpret the structure and properties of the prediction for spray combustion. The simulated cases are carried out using Ansys Fluent. The mixture fracture probability density function is used to evaluate the non-premixed combustion of vaporized fuel droplets. The Radiation models (p1, discrete coordinate, surface to surface, and Roseland) are used to predict local properties in two dimensions. The results of the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the p1 radiation model provides good results through temperature, turbulence kinetic energy, and velocity components.

Abstract: This study aims to examine the association between workplace layout typology and employees’ physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health. A multi-method approach was conducted for collecting data in four governmental office buildings in Erbil city between April 2022 and June 2022. Qualitative data collection includes architectural plan analysis and photography. Quantitative data collection includes a self-reported questionnaire by participating 132 desk-based employees measuring daily physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical and mental health. For analyzing the collected responses from the desk-based employees of government office buildings, IBM SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) software V.25 was adopted. The result shows that there is a significant difference in the mean value of physical activity among employees, physical activity. Despite the low level of physical activity, employees working in linear layout buildings were more physically active than those in radial layout (linear=1.31, P-value < 0.000; radial = 1.13, P-value<0.000). The result also shows that there is a significant positive relation between sedentary behavior and physical health (r= 0.191, P-value<0.05), and mental health (r= 0.172, P-value<0.05). Based on these findings, we can infer that improving the quality of the built environment and implementing active design solutions contribute to promoting physical activity, decreasing sedentary behavior, and enhancing occupational health.

Abstract: An empirical evaluation of free convective heat transmission was conducted in a rectangular enclosure containing a hybrid nanofluid of (50% CuO-50% Al2O3)/water linked to a PCM-containing wall. The enclosure's left and right surfaces were kept at constant warm and cold temperatures, whereas the remaining surfaces were assumed to be isolated. The left side was filled partially with PCM. Several variables were examined, such as the hot-side temperature differential (∆T =10, 15,20 ◦C) and the hybrid nanofluid concentration (Φ=0.03,0.05,0.07)%. The findings show that the rate of heat transmission through natural convection rises as the concentration of nanomaterials rises. Due to its great absorbability and heat storage capacity, PCM was also shown to have the potential to lower the hot side temperature by up to 15.5%. The Nusselt number rises over time as the left cavity is filled partially with PCM. When added hybrid nanofluid is, PCM’s heat-storage efficiency and, by extension, its ability to cool the hot side is greatly improved.

Abstract: For the purpose of fixing the fractured distal femur, usually resorts to the use of metal internal fixation plates with all the accompanying (supportive) fixing devices such as screws, pins, and wires. These plates are manufactured according to standard dimensions and this means that they may not completely match the surface of the fractured distal femur for all patients, especially if the outer surface of the distal femur is complex and own more complex geometry., such as the distal femur. The complete mismatch, if it occurs, may lead to the emergence of immediate and future problems for the purpose of avoiding the occurrence of this problem and its accompanying complications and for the purpose of developing and accelerating the process of gaining complete recovery for the patient and saving time, effort, and money, in this paper, a new method is present to achieve the above goals through the design and manufacture of a three-dimensional plate for a specific patient that perfectly matches the external surface of the broken distal femur. Modern technologies are employed in the manufacturing process (additive manufacturing methods) to obtain an accurate plate dedicated to the fracture distal femur of a specific patient.

Abstract: The current study and discussion in detail about the use of different types of porous media and barriers inside solar air heaters is our goal in this survey paper. The effect of different barriers and porous materials of different shapes and types within the solar air collectors and the effect of engineering parameters on heat transfer procedures and fluid movement were discussed by examining their thermal and hydraulic performance. Numerical and experimental analyses were presented on different types of flat solar air collectors containing differently shaped baffles or various porous media with different strategies to enhance heat transfer such as fluid flow measurement, pressure drop control, and checking their thermal and hydraulic performance by measuring the increase in air temperature at intensity Solar radiation and fluid mass flow. Studies show that the presence of porous barriers or media enhances the heat transfer process and increases the efficiency of solar air collectors. The types different of solar air collectors have been shown. We concluded this review to present various applications of solar air collectors such as cooling and heating various buildings, heating air for combustion processes, and drying coal and paper.

Abstract: EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) is a common non-traditional machining technique for manufacture geometry parts made of intricate or extremely rigid metals that are challenging to manufacture using conventional manufacturing techniques. Electrical discharge machining by utilizing electrical discharge erosion, classify the meaning of material removal (MR). This paper's main objective is to discuss the ideal EDM parameters in order to use high-speed steel as workpiece AISI M2 and with using brass & copper as electrodes. Pulse on-time are (100, 150, and 200 µs), Current (10, 24 and 42 A) and Pulse off-time (4, 12 and 25 µs) are the input parameters effect on the material removal rate (MRR) used in the experimental work. The present study's findings shown that the highest MRR with using copper & brass as electrodes with pulse on-time 200 µs, pulse off-time 12 µs and current 42 A, at (0.31284 g/min and 0.18769) respectively, and the lowest average value of the removed material was when evaluating current 10 A, Ton is 100 µs, Toff is 4 µs, at (0.05451g/min and 0.01898 g/min) respectively.

Abstract: One of the worst epidemics that endangers our life and has an impact on the future is the epidemic of road accidents. The goal of this study is to define traffic accidents, comprehend their causes, pinpoint the key elements that affect the seriousness of driver injuries, and ultimately identify the factors that contribute to accidents, such as excessive speed, alcohol, and drug use, the driver, the road, the vehicle, and environmental factors. Understanding prior research and studies is crucial. In earlier experiments, data visualization was accomplished using the VOS viewer. The Dimension, Web of Science, and Scopus websites were used to download the information for the keywords in Excel format. By country, it lists these terms, authors, and researchers. The researcher was able to conduct a study that was identical to his or her study with the aid of the keywords " driver injury severity," " driver crash," and " crash analysis."

Abstract: Reinforced concrete (RC) elements lose their structural strength by exposing to fire as the mechanical properties of the reinforcing steel and concrete deteriorate due to the heat. This study provides an understanding of the behavior of three structural concrete elements: beam, column, and slab at high temperatures using a finite element (FE) modelling produced in ABAQUS, as well as the potential of retrofitting of these elements using Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete (SIFCON). The use of SIFCON has shown excellent results compared to the fire damaged elements, and to the undamaged concrete elements in term of various indices (ultimate load capacity, stiffness, toughness and ductility).

Abstract: This article provides an overview of the role of raw and burnt date pits as bio-waste for heavy metal removal. In recent years, many studies on the adsorption properties of various low-cost adsorbents, such as agricultural waste and activated carbons based on agricultural waste, have been published. This review summarizes recent research demonstrating the utility of raw and modified date pits biomass-based adsorbents in the removal of heavy metal pollutants from wastewater. Additionally, the chemical compositions, the derived activated carbon, and the proposed mechanism of heavy metal ions were discussed. It thoroughly showed how essential variables including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, physical and chemical properties, and temperature affect the adsorption of heavy metals. The significant application of date pits as a bio-adsorbent of heavy metal ions was demonstrated. According to the literature, date pit-based adsorbents are the most promising adsorbents for removing toxic materials because they adsorb heavy metals from aqueous solutions with high capacity in a short period.

Abstract: This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effect of the impact force on the residual strength capacity of simply supported reactive powder slabs. Eight specimens of reinforced reactive powder concrete slabs with dimensions of 500 x 500 mm and 70 mm in four categories were used. The influences of slab compressive strength (conventional concrete and reactive powder concrete), steel fiber proportion (1, 1.5, and 2%), percentage of reinforcement in the tension zone (ρ1=0.007, ρ2=0.011, ρ3=0.0179), and the number of impacts (two impacts, four impacts, and six impacts) were all investigated in this test. Investigations were carried out to ascertain each slab's residual response, including first cracking load, residual failure load, residual steel reinforcement strain, maximum central deflection, and crack pattern. The results showed that using reactive powder concrete instead of normal concrete increased the mechanical properties of concrete and resulted in a significant increase in failure load. In addition, the central deflection and strain increased. Increasing the reinforcement ratio increased the failure load while simultaneously decreasing the deflection due to the improvement in slab moment resistance. Furthermore, it was discovered through experiments that the addition of steel fiber to the mixture enhanced the slab’s post-cracking reactivity. The presence of steel fiber raised the slab strength resistance by 21.63% as the steel fiber ratio increased from 1% to 2%. This is because the addition of steel fiber increased the slab's tension resistance.